Examlex
One of the original strategic change interventions was Open Systems Planning developed by Richard Beckhard.
Subordinates
Individuals who are lower in rank or position and are under the direction of a higher authority.
Upward Relationship
The dynamic between lower-level employees and their supervisors or managers, emphasizing communication and interaction flowing from subordinates to higher-ups.
Autocratic Decision Making
A decision-making style where the leader makes decisions unilaterally without consulting subordinates, often associated with centralized control.
Subordinate Autonomy
The degree of independence or freedom given to lower-level employees in making decisions and taking actions.
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