________ Decreases the Probability of a Behaviour by the Application

question 196

Multiple Choice

________ decreases the probability of a behaviour by the application of a negative stimulus after that behaviour occurs.

• A)Punishment
• B)Extinction
• C)Negative reinforcement
• D)Positive reinforcement
• E)Modelling

Recognize the importance of emotions in evolutionary contexts.

Understand the emotional experiences and expressions of non-human animals.

Understand the key components and measures of expectancy theory, including expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

Identify the relationship between effort, performance, and outcomes as described in expectancy theory.

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Definitions:

Group Norms

Unwritten rules or expectations within a group that dictate the behaviors, values, and attitudes of its members.

Social Reality

The shared beliefs, practices, norms, and values that are constructed by society and perceived as real and valid by its members.

Social Comparison Theory

A theory suggesting individuals determine their own social and personal worth based on how they stack up against others.

Self Identification

The process by which an individual identifies or categorizes themselves in terms of particular groups or affiliations, such as cultural, gender, or professional identity.