₁₀ Suppose That X₁ Is Measured with Error $\beta$ ₀

question 18

Multiple Choice

_10. Suppose that X₁ is measured with error.
Y_i = $\beta$ ₀ + $\beta$ ₁X_1i + $\varepsilon$ _i
X_i = X*_1i + $\varepsilon$ _i
Which of the following is most accurate?

• A) The estimate of \(\beta\)₁hat will be larger than it should be.
• B) The estimate of \(\beta\)₁hat will be smaller than it should be.
• C) \(\beta\)₁hat will be biased toward zero.
• D) We know \(\beta\)₁hat will be biased, but do not know which direction.

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Definitions:

Voting Rights

The entitlements or privileges of individuals to participate in the electoral process, by casting votes in elections to choose their representatives.

Enfranchised Black Voters

Refers to African American citizens who have been granted the right to vote, particularly following historical movements for civil rights and voting equity.

Political Party

An organized group of people who share similar political views and work together to influence government policy and election outcomes.

15th Amendment

An addition to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1870, that prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."