Since a Lot of Times We Do Not Have the Values

question 17

Essay

Since a lot of times we do not have the values for X2, and X2 could be correlated both with X1 and Y, we will have to anticipate the sign of the bias, but we won't necessarily know the magnitude of the bias. Provide a list/table that gives the anticipated sign of the bias based on the relationship between X2 and X1 as well as the relationship between X2 and Y.

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Definitions:

Biological Need

Basic physical requirements for human survival, such as food, water, air, shelter, and sleep, that are essential for maintaining health and well-being.

Operant Conditioning

The technique of modifying the degree of a behavior through the provision of rewards or the imposition of punishments.

Voluntary Behavior

Actions that are under conscious control, as opposed to automatic or reflexive behaviors.

Thorndike's Law

A principle of learning that emphasizes the effect of rewards and punishments on behavior, suggesting that actions followed by positive outcomes are reinforced and more likely to be repeated.