Biddle Et Al

question 1

Multiple Choice

Biddle et al. (2019) concluded that there was evidence for a causal association between physical activity and cognitive functioning in young people. Which causality criterion currently has no evidence?

• A) strength of association
• B) temporal sequencing
• C) dose-response
• D) biological plausibility

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Definitions:

Conditioned Stimulus

In classical conditioning, a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.

Neutral Stimulus

A stimulus that initially produces no specific response other than focusing attention, until it is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Natural Response

An unlearned or innate reaction to a given stimulus, typically occurring without conscious thought.

White Rats

Commonly used laboratory animals that serve as subjects in a wide range of scientific experiments, notable for their role in psychology and biology research.