Is Party Discipline Normally Higher When Open Party Lists Are

question 13

Multiple Choice

Is party discipline normally higher when open party lists are used or when closed party lists are used in proportional representation systems?

• A) open party lists
• B) closed party lists
• C) it's about the same

Recognize the advantages and disadvantages of using secondary data.

Identify different methods of data collection for primary data.

Distinguish between internal and external secondary data.

Understand how observational data are collected and their usage.

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Definitions:

Japanese Colonialism

The period during which Japan extended its influence and control over various territories and peoples, primarily in Asia, through colonization, expansion, and imperial administration.

European Colonialism

The policy or practice by which European nations extended their control over foreign territories for economic and political gain.

Manufacturing Facilities

Buildings or complexes where goods are produced on a large scale using machinery and human labor.

Neoliberalism

An economic and political ideology advocating for reduced government intervention in the economy, free-market principles, deregulation, and globalization to foster economic growth and efficiency.