Assume That Councillor 3 Has to Take a Family Member $\succ$

question 13

Multiple Choice

assume that Councillor 3 has to take a family member to the emergency room and has a very poor experience with the level of medical care provided at the local hospital. This leads her to view improving medical care as a higher priority than improving education in the municipality, if money is to be spent improving any programs. Councillors 1 and 2 do not change their preference orderings. Thus, the councillors now have the following preference orderings over the spending choices:
Councillor 1: Education $\succ$ Medical $\succ$ Tax cut
Councillor 2: Medical $\succ$ Tax cut $\succ$ Education
Councillor 3: Tax cut $\succ$ Medical $\succ$ Education
Assume that the councillors hold a round-robin tournament that pits each alternative against every other alternative in a series of pair-wise votes. The winner is the alternative that wins the most contests. Based on this information, answer the following four questions.
-Given the preference orderings listed above, what would the result be of a pair-wise contest between the spending choices education and medical?

• A) education
• B) medical
• C) tax cut
• D) it would be a tie

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Definitions:

Water Reabsorption

The process by which water is taken back into the body from the filtrate (such as in the kidneys) during excretion, crucial for maintaining fluid balance.

Renal Tubules

A series of tubes in the kidney where urine is formed and processed, part of the nephron, the basic functional unit of the kidney.

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to one of higher concentration, aiming for equilibrium.

Collecting Duct

A segment of the nephron in the kidney that transports urine from the nephron to the ureters, playing a key role in the regulation of water and sodium.