Obtain a Copy of the M

question 16

Multiple Choice

Obtain a copy of the M. Steven Fish article, "Islam and Authoritarianism" from the journal World Politics 55, no. 1 (2002) : 4-37, using your library resources. Skim the article.
-One of the conclusions that Fish reaches is that Islam is antithetical to democracy because women are not treated equally in Islamic countries. He reaches this conclusion while using Freedom House as his main measure of democracy. Why might it be problematic to use Freedom House to examine the impact that the unequal treatment of women in Islamic countries has on democracy? Choose the most appropriate answer below. (Hint: Find the complete list of questions that are used to create a country's Freedom House score at http://www.freedomhouse.org/. Identify any questions that make it problematic to use Freedom House scores to test Fish's statement that Islam is bad for democracy because of its unequal treatment of women.)

• A) because Freedom House is a bad measure of democracy
• B) because Freedom House is a measure of freedom, not democracy
• C) because a country's Freedom House score is partially determined by how equally women are treated
• D) because a country's Freedom House score does not take account of how equally women are treated

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Definitions:

Unconditioned Response

A spontaneous and inherent response to a stimulus that happens without previous learning or conditioning.

Spontaneous Recovery

The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response in classical conditioning.

Extinction

In behavioral psychology, the process by which a conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.