Determine Whether the Given Formula Is a Logical Truth of M

question 228

Essay

determine whether the given formula is a logical truth of M or not. If it is a logical truth, provide a proof of the formula. If it is not a logical truth, provide a counterexample in a finite domain.
-[(∃x)Ex • (∃x)∼Ex] ⊃ (∀x)(Ex $\lor$ ∼Ex)

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Definitions:

Pragmatics

The branch of linguistics dealing with the use of language in social contexts and the ways in which people produce and comprehend meanings through language.

Selective Attention

The cognitive process of focusing on specific stimuli in the environment while ignoring others, allowing for more efficient information processing.

Distributive Justice

The ethical principle concerned with the fair and equitable distribution of goods and resources in society.

Cultural

Pertains to the ideas, customs, social behavior, and artifacts of a particular society, group, or time period.