Note: the Solutions to Most of the Multiple Choice Questions $\begin{array} {| l | }\hline \alpha\\\hline \text {1 }\\\hline \text {0 }\\\hline\end{array}$

question 20

Essay

Note: the solutions to most of the multiple choice questions in these sections use what call the standard assignment of truth values to atomic propositions. The standard assignment of truth values assigns the values given here to the variables in the wffs in the exercises, when read left to right. So, the first variable in the formula read left to right gets the α assignment; the second variable in the formula read left to right (if any) gets the β assignment; the third variable in the formula read left to right (if any) gets the γ assignment; and the fourth variable in the formula read left to right (if any) gets the δ assignment.
For exercises with only one propositional variable, the standard assignment is:
$\begin{array} {| l | }\hline \alpha\\\hline \text {1 }\\\hline \text {0 }\\\hline\end{array}$

For exercises with two propositional variables, the standard assignment is:
$$\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline \mathbf { n } & \boldsymbol { \beta } \\\hline 1 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 0 \\\hline 0 & 1 \\\hline 0 & 0 \\\hline\end{array}$$
For exercises with three propositional variables, the standard assignment is:
$$\begin{array} { | c | c | c | } \hline \alpha & \beta & \gamma \\\hline 1 & 1 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 1 & 0 \\\hline 1 & 0 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 0 & 0 \\\hline 0 & 1 & 1 \\\hline 0 & 1 & 0 \\\hline 0& 0 & 1 \\\hline 0 & 0 &0\\\hline\end{array}$$
For exercises with four propositional variables, the standard assignment is:
$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}\hline\alpha & \beta & \gamma & \delta \\\hline 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\\hline 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 1 & 0 & 0\\\hline 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\\hline 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\\hline 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\\hline 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\\hline 0 & 1 & 0 & 1\\\hline 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\\hline 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\\hline 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\\hline 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\\hline 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\\hline\end{array}$
Complete truth tables for each of the following propositions.
-(S ⊃ ∼T) ⊃ {[V ⊃ (∼S ⊃ T)] $\lor$ [V ⊃ (∼T ⊃ S)]}

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Definitions:

Dizygotic Twins

Also known as fraternal twins, these are siblings born from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm, resulting in genetically distinct individuals born at the same time.

Fraternal Twins

Twins that develop from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm, resulting in siblings that are genetically unique from each other.

Correlation

A statistical measure that describes the extent to which two variables change together, but not necessarily indicating that one causes the other.

Intelligence

The overall capacity of an individual to understand complex ideas, adapt effectively to the environment, learn from experience, and engage in various forms of reasoning.