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Construct a complete truth table for each of the following arguments. Then, using the truth table, determine whether the argument is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, specify a counterexample.
-X / X [Y ≡ (Z • ∼X)]
Usury Laws
Regulations governing the amount of interest that can be charged on a loan, intended to protect consumers from excessive rates.
Shortage
A situation in which the demand for a product or service exceeds its supply in a market.
Accounting Profits
The total revenue of a company minus the explicit costs and depreciation.
Normal Profits
The return to the business owners for the opportunity cost of their implicit inputs.
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