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Note: the solutions to most of the multiple choice questions in these sections use what call the standard assignment of truth values to atomic propositions. The standard assignment of truth values assigns the values given here to the variables in the wffs in the exercises, when read left to right. So, the first variable in the formula read left to right gets the α assignment; the second variable in the formula read left to right (if any) gets the β assignment; the third variable in the formula read left to right (if any) gets the γ assignment; and the fourth variable in the formula read left to right (if any) gets the δ assignment.
For exercises with only one propositional variable, the standard assignment is:
For exercises with two propositional variables, the standard assignment is:
For exercises with three propositional variables, the standard assignment is:
For exercises with four propositional variables, the standard assignment is:
For each of the given propositions, determine which of the given sequences properly describes the column under the main operator, given the standard assignment of truth values to atomic propositions.
-(I ? J) (J ? I)
Special Order
An order for a product or service that is outside the company's normal scope of work, often requiring a unique set of costs and pricing.
Relevant Cost
Costs that are directly related to a specific business decision, affecting the future cash flows.
Relevant Benefits
The advantageous outcomes or gains that are directly attributable to a specific action or investment.
Relevant Costs
Costs that are directly affected by a specific business decision and should be considered when making that decision.