Note: the Solutions to Most of the Multiple Choice Questions $\begin{array} {| l | }\hline \alpha\\\hline \text {1 }\\\hline \text {0 }\\\hline\end{array}$

question 190

Essay

Note: the solutions to most of the multiple choice questions in these sections use what call the standard assignment of truth values to atomic propositions. The standard assignment of truth values assigns the values given here to the variables in the wffs in the exercises, when read left to right. So, the first variable in the formula read left to right gets the α assignment; the second variable in the formula read left to right (if any) gets the β assignment; the third variable in the formula read left to right (if any) gets the γ assignment; and the fourth variable in the formula read left to right (if any) gets the δ assignment.
For exercises with only one propositional variable, the standard assignment is:
$\begin{array} {| l | }\hline \alpha\\\hline \text {1 }\\\hline \text {0 }\\\hline\end{array}$

For exercises with two propositional variables, the standard assignment is:
$$\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline \mathbf { n } & \boldsymbol { \beta } \\\hline 1 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 0 \\\hline 0 & 1 \\\hline 0 & 0 \\\hline\end{array}$$
For exercises with three propositional variables, the standard assignment is:
$$\begin{array} { | c | c | c | } \hline \alpha & \beta & \gamma \\\hline 1 & 1 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 1 & 0 \\\hline 1 & 0 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 0 & 0 \\\hline 0 & 1 & 1 \\\hline 0 & 1 & 0 \\\hline 0& 0 & 1 \\\hline 0 & 0 &0\\\hline\end{array}$$
For exercises with four propositional variables, the standard assignment is:
$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}\hline\alpha & \beta & \gamma & \delta \\\hline 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\\hline 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 1 & 0 & 0\\\hline 1 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\\hline 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\\hline 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\\hline 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\\hline 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\\hline 0 & 1 & 0 & 1\\\hline 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\\hline 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\\hline 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\\hline 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\\hline 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\\hline\end{array}$
Complete truth tables for each of the following propositions.
-[(E ≡ ∼F) $\lor$ (G ≡ ∼H)] $\lor$ [(∼E • ∼F) • (∼G • H)]

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Definitions:

Undue Force

Excessive or inappropriate use of physical or psychological pressure in an attempt to influence someone's actions.

False Imprisonment

The act of restraining a person against their will in a bounded area without any legal authority to do so.

Shoplifting

Shoplifting involves the unauthorized removal of goods from a store without payment.

Compensatory Damages

A money award equivalent to the actual value of injuries or damages sustained by the aggrieved party.