If $\sigma$ Is the Standard Deviation of a Project with Expected Returns

question 25

Multiple Choice

If $\sigma$ is the standard deviation of a project with expected returns R,the coefficient of variation is:

• A) \(\sigma\) / R.
• B) \(\sigma\)²/ R.
• C) \(\sigma\)R.
• D) \(\sigma\)²R.
• E) R² \(\sigma\).

---

Definitions:

Wage-Rate Compression

Compression of differentials between job classes, particularly the differential between hourly workers and their managers.

Employee Morale

The overall outlook, satisfaction, and confidence that employees feel towards their work and workplace environment.

Absenteeism

The habitual or frequent absence from work or duties without good reason, which can impact organizational productivity and morale.

Indirect Compensation

Benefits given to employees that are not paid directly as cash but contribute to their overall remuneration, such as insurance or retirement plans.