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Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s) .
About 3 million years ago,the Isthmus of Panama (a narrow strip of land connecting North and South America) formed,dividing marine organisms into Pacific and Caribbean populations.Researchers have examined species of snapping shrimp on both sides of the isthmus.Based on the morphospecies concept,there appeared to be seven pairs of species,with one species of each pair in the Pacific and the other in the Caribbean.The different species pairs live at somewhat different depths in the ocean.Using mitochondrial DNA sequences,the researchers estimated phylogenies and found that each of these species pairs,separated by the isthmus,were indeed each other's closest relatives.The researchers investigated mating in the lab and found that many species pairs were not very interested in courting with each other,and any that did mate almost never produced fertile offspring.(N.Knowlton,L.A.Weigt,L.A.Solorzano,D.K.Mills,and E.Bermingham.1993.Divergence in proteins,mitochondrial DNA,and reproductive incompatibility across the Isthmus of Panama.Science 260:1629-32. )
-Which of the following describes the most likely order of events in speciation?


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Capital Outlay

Expenditures for acquiring or upgrading physical assets such as equipment or property.

Average Rate of Return

A measure of the profitability of an investment, calculated by dividing the average annual profit by the initial investment cost.

Present Values

The current valuation of a future financial gain or series of payments, after applying a specific return rate.

Net Present Value Method

A valuation method that calculates an investment's worth by determining the present value of its expected future cash flows, subtracting the initial investment cost.

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