The Following Questions Refer to Figure 27

question 11

Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to Figure 27.1 below, which is the same as Figure 27.10 in the textbook.
In this 8-year experiment, 12 populations of E. coli, each begun from a single cell, were grown in low-glucose conditions for 20,000 generations. Each culture was introduced to fresh growth medium every 24 hours. Occasionally, samples were removed from the populations, and their fitness in low-glucose conditions was tested against that of members sampled from the ancestral (common ancestor) E. coli population.

Figure 27.1
-If the experimental population of E. coli lacks an F factor or F plasmid, and if bacteriophage are excluded from the bacterial cultures, then which of these is a means by which beneficial mutations might be transmitted horizontally to other E. coli cells?

• A)via sex pili
• B)via transduction
• C)via conjugation
• D)via transformation
• E)both A and C above

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Definitions:

Alcoholism

A chronic condition involving an uncontrollable desire to drink alcohol despite the negative impact it has on one's health, social life, and responsibilities.

Genetic Vulnerability

The predisposition of certain individuals to diseases or conditions due to specific genetic factors inherited from their parents.

Disease

A condition that impairs normal bodily functions and is often characterized by specific signs and symptoms.

Vital Functions

Essential bodily operations necessary for maintaining life, such as respiration, circulation, and digestion.