Which Threat to Internal Validity Is Most Closely Associated with a Longitudinal

question 39

Multiple Choice

Which threat to internal validity is most closely associated with a longitudinal design?

• A) Instrumentation effects
• B) Mortality effects
• C) History effects
• D) Selection bias

---

Definitions:

Consumption

The use of goods and services by households, constituting one of the major components of GDP and a primary indicator of economic health.

Budget Constraint

Indicates the various goods and services a consumer is able to buy, considering their earnings and the costs of those goods and services.

Papyrus Scrolls

Ancient writing materials made from the pith of the papyrus plant, used especially in Egypt for documents and texts.

Tomb Decoration

Artistic embellishments and inscriptions within tombs intended to honor the deceased, depict their life, or aid in their journey to the afterlife, prevalent in various cultures.