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Which of the following is not a necessary component of goal-sharing plans?
Formalization
The extent to which policies, procedures, job descriptions, and rules are written and explicitly articulated within an organization.
Centralization
The concentration of decision-making authority at the top levels of organizational hierarchy, limiting the autonomy of lower-level employees.
Specialized Jobs
Positions that are focused on a narrowly defined set of tasks, requiring specific skills and knowledge.
Formal Hierarchy
The organized structure of roles and responsibilities within an organization, often depicted in an organizational chart.
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