Criminal Appeals Are Generally Routine Because They Seldom Raise Meritorious

question 71

Multiple Choice

Criminal appeals are generally routine because they seldom raise meritorious issues (Primus, 2007; Wold & Caldeira, 1980) . Current standards of effective assistance of counsel often force lawyers to appeal, no matter how slight the odds of appellate court reversal. As a result, a significant number of criminal appeals lack substantial merit. For example, of the roughly 5,125 written dispositions in criminal appeals filed by defendants in the California Court of Appeals in 2010, the court reversed only 226 (4%) convictions (Judicial Council of California, 2011) . Why do criminal appeals rarely succeed? First, the appellate standards of review applicable to most decision-making during criminal trials are highly deferential to trial court outcomes (Primus, 2007) . Second, appellate courts often find that no reversible error was committed during the trial court proceedings.
-Given the information provided, which of the following statements is true?

• A)The rules of appeals are designed not to disturb the results of a criminal trial unless a serious, reversible error has occurred.
• B)The rules of appeals are designed not to disturb the results of a criminal trial unless any error has occurred.
• C)The rules of appeals are designed not to disturb the results of a criminal trial unless no error has occurred.
• D)The rules of appeals are designed to disturb the results of a criminal trial.

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Definitions:

Cognitive Therapy

A form of psychotherapy that addresses maladaptive thinking patterns to effect change in behavior and emotion, often used in treating depression and anxiety.

Behavior Therapy

A type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing unwanted behaviors through various techniques and reinforcements.

Psychodynamic Therapy

An approach within depth psychology that seeks to expose the unconscious elements of a client's psyche with the goal of easing psychic stress.

Client-centered Therapy

A form of psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes providing a supportive environment in which clients can increase their self-awareness and self-acceptance.