Criminal Appeals Are Generally Routine Because They Seldom Raise Meritorious

question 87

Multiple Choice

Criminal appeals are generally routine because they seldom raise meritorious issues (Primus, 2007; Wold & Caldeira, 1980) . Current standards of effective assistance of counsel often force lawyers to appeal, no matter how slight the odds of appellate court reversal. As a result, a significant number of criminal appeals lack substantial merit. For example, of the roughly 5,125 written dispositions in criminal appeals filed by defendants in the California Court of Appeals in 2010, the court reversed only 226 (4%) convictions (Judicial Council of California, 2011) . Why do criminal appeals rarely succeed? First, the appellate standards of review applicable to most decision-making during criminal trials are highly deferential to trial court outcomes (Primus, 2007) . Second, appellate courts often find that no reversible error was committed during the trial court proceedings.
-Why do appellate courts often find no reversible error was committed during the trial court proceedings?

• A)in large part because of the harmless error doctrine.
• B)in large part because of the plain error doctrine.
• C)in large part because of the reversible error doctrine.
• D)in large part because of the deferential error doctrine.

Identify misconceptions regarding the effects of personality traits on the cure of serious illnesses.

Acknowledge the nuances in health psychology research, such as the conditions under which stress impacts health and the role of health-related behaviors.

Understand the concept and significance of social support in mitigating stress and promoting health.

Recognize the impact of social isolation and diverse social networks on physical and psychological well-being.

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Definitions:

Income

Refers to the income earned, either periodically or consistently, from employment or investment ventures.

Utility Function

A mathematical expression that ranks preferences over a set of goods or outcomes, representing satisfaction or happiness derived from consumption.

Consumption

The act of using goods and services to satisfy needs and wants, which is a fundamental component of economics.

Income

The money received by an individual or business for services provided, products sold, or investments.