No Consensus Exists on How the Courts Should Punish the Guilty

question 57

Multiple Choice

No consensus exists on how the courts should punish the guilty, perhaps due to the fact that five different philosophical principles guide sentencing in the United States: retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restoration. These sentencing philosophies differ in important ways. Some focus on past behavior, whereas others are future-oriented. Some stress that the punishment should fit the crime, whereas others emphasize that punishment should fit the criminal. These issues influence contemporary thinking about sentencing.


-Prevention of crime through the physical restraint of offenders is an idea incorporated in which of the following sentencing philosophies?

• A)Retribution.
• B)Incapacitation.
• C)Deterrence.
• D)Rehabilitation.

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Definitions:

Condensed Structural Formula

A method of representing the molecular structure of a chemical compound where bonds and atoms are shown using symbols without depicting the actual bond angles or lengths.

Induce Dipole

The temporary polarization of a molecule caused by the vicinity of a charged object or another polar molecule.

Electron Cloud

A model describing the area around an atomic nucleus where electrons are likely to be found, depicting electron positions as a cloud-like distribution.

Temporary Dipole

A temporary dipole occurs when there is a short-lived imbalance of electron density within a molecule, causing a temporary separation of charges.