Over Evolutionary Time, Many Cave-Dwelling Organisms Have Lost Their Eyes

question 52

Multiple Choice

Over evolutionary time, many cave-dwelling organisms have lost their eyes. Tapeworms have lost their digestive systems. Whales have lost their hind limbs. How can natural selection account for these losses?

• A) Natural selection cannot account for losses, only for innovations.
• B) Natural selection accounts for these losses by the principle of use and disuse.
• C) Under particular circumstances that persisted for long periods, each of these structures presented greater costs than benefits.
• D) The ancestors of these organisms experienced harmful mutations that forced them to find new habitats that these species had not previously used.

Understand the concept of markup percentages and their calculation.

Identify the cost-plus approach to product pricing.

Grasp the concepts of capacity utilization and its impact on profitability.

Differentiate between various cost methods in pricing (variable cost, total cost, product cost).

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Definitions:

Financial Planning Method

A systematic approach to setting financial goals, developing and implementing plans to achieve those goals, and monitoring progress.

Predicted Sales

Forecasted revenue from goods or services sold over a future period, based on current trends or analyses.

Sales Dilution Approach

A method used in finance to estimate the impact of issuing new shares on the earnings per share by assuming no increase in sales.

Pro Forma Balance Sheets

Financial statements prepared in advance of a planned transaction, showing the expected financial position of a company.