The Next Few Questions Refer to the Following Description

question 16

Multiple Choice

The next few questions refer to the following description.
On the volcanic, equatorial West African island of Sao Tomé, two species of fruit fly exist. Drosophila yakuba inhabits the island's lowlands, and is also found on the African mainland, located about 200 miles away. At higher elevations, and only on Sao Tomé, is found the very closely related Drosophila santomea. The two species can hybridize, though male hybrids are sterile. A hybrid zone exists at middle elevations, though hybrids there are greatly outnumbered by D. santomea. Studies of the two species' nuclear genomes reveal that D. yakuba on the island is more closely related to mainland D. yakuba than to D. santomea (2n = 4 in both species) . Sao Tomé rose from the Atlantic Ocean about 14 million years ago.
-Which of the following reduces gene flow between the gene pools of the two species on Sao Tomé, despite the existence of hybrids?

• A) hybrid breakdown
• B) hybrid inviability
• C) hybrid sterility
• D) temporal isolation
• E) a geographic barrier

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Definitions:

Total Income

The aggregate amount of money earned or received by an individual or entity from all sources before any deductions.

Equality-Efficiency Trade-Off

The compromise between ensuring an equitable distribution of resources and reaching the highest level of economic efficiency.

Economic Efficiency

A measure of how well resources are allocated to maximize the production of goods and services.

Income Distribution

The way in which total income is divided among the population or different groups within society.