After Reading the Paragraphs Below, Answer the Questions That Follow

question 71

Multiple Choice

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
Home pregnancy test kits can detect whether a woman is pregnant within one to three weeks of her egg being fertilized. The test kits include a short strip of paper that extends from a plastic case. After a woman urinates on the strip of paper and waits three to five minutes, a symbol is displayed on a small window in the plastic case. Some tests show a single line to indicate the woman is not pregnant (negative result) and two lines to indicate she is pregnant (positive result) . Others show a minus or plus sign (or some other variation) to indicate negative and positive results.
The test reports a positive symbol if it detects the presence of HCG in the woman's urine. In order for HCG to be detected, it must be present in the urine at a concentration of at least 10 to 100 units per milliliter. Even though home pregnancy tests are well designed and have been tested extensively, false negative and false positive results do occur. A false positive occurs when a test tells a woman that she is pregnant when she really is not, and a false negative occurs when a test tells a woman that she is not pregnant when she really is. Most home pregnancy test kit manufacturers claim that their tests are over 99% accurate.
-What would be the best experiment for a manufacturer to conduct in order to determine the false positive rate of their test kits?

• A)Have a group of women who are less than five weeks pregnant use the test and count the number of false positive results.
• B)Have a woman use the test before she is pregnant and again after she is pregnant and determine whether the tests were positive or negative.
• C)Have a group of women who are 32 weeks pregnant use the test and count the number of false positive results.
• D)Have a group of women who are not pregnant use the test and count the number of false positive results.

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Definitions:

Express Lanes

Specifically designated traffic lanes designed to reduce congestion by allowing vehicles meeting certain criteria, such as carpooling or toll payment, to use a less congested lane.

Toll Roads

Highways or sections of highways for which users are required to pay a fee for access or passage.

Consumer Surplus

The discrepancy between what consumers are prepared and can afford to spend on a product or service versus what they end up paying.

Producer Surplus

The difference between the amount a producer is willing to accept for a good or service and the actual amount received when it is sold.