In the Context of Expectancy Theory, Which of the Following

question 101

Multiple Choice

In the context of expectancy theory, which of the following is a difference between expectancy and instrumentality?

• A) Unlike instrumentality, when expectancies are strong, employees figure that no matter what they do or how hard they work, they will not be able to perform their jobs successfully, so they do not work harder.
• B) Unlike expectancy, when instrumentality is weak, employees believe that improved performance will lead to better and more rewards, so they choose to work harder.
• C) Expectancy is the perceived relationship between effort and performance, whereas instrumentality is the perceived relationship between performance and rewards.
• D) Expectancy is the attractiveness or desirability of various rewards or outcomes, whereas instrumentality is the perceived relationship between effort and rewards.

Understand specific cognitive functions and how they are assessed in neuroscience research.

Understand the electrical rhythms of the brain and their significance.

Comprehend the impact of brain surgery and lesions on memory and cognition.

Recognize the advantages and limitations of neuroscientific research methods.

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Definitions:

Erikson

A developmental psychologist known for his theory on the psychosocial development of human beings, outlining eight stages from infancy to adulthood.

Old Age

A stage of life usually associated with retirement, slowing physical and mental faculties, and changes in social roles, typically considered to start at 65 years old.

Superego

In psychoanalytic theory, the part of a person's mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards learned from parents and teachers.

Guilty Feelings

Relates to emotions of remorse or regret typically associated with the belief of having done something wrong.