Itina Global Solutions Recently Received a New Service Request from a Client

question 36

Multiple Choice

Itina Global Solutions recently received a new service request from a client. To execute this request, the managing director of the company sends out an email to all employees, containing details of the work that needs to be accomplished. In the context of formal communication channels, this scenario illustrates _____.

• A) downward communication
• B) upward communication
• C) horizontal communication
• D) lateral communication

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Definitions:

Exchange

The act of giving one thing and receiving another in return, often used in the context of trading goods, services, or currencies.

Production-oriented Era

Refers to a period in business history where the focus was primarily on production efficiency, manufacturing, and product capabilities rather than the needs or desires of customers.

Sales-oriented Era

A period in business history when the main focus of companies was increasing sales, often without regard to customer needs or satisfaction.

Market-oriented Era

The Market-oriented Era is a phase in marketing history characterized by a focus on meeting customers' needs and desires, understanding market demand, and creating value through marketing activities.