Itina Global Solutions Recently Received a New Service Request from a Client

question 36

Multiple Choice

Itina Global Solutions recently received a new service request from a client. To execute this request, the managing director of the company sends out an email to all employees, containing details of the work that needs to be accomplished. In the context of formal communication channels, this scenario illustrates _____.

• A) downward communication
• B) upward communication
• C) horizontal communication
• D) lateral communication

---

Definitions:

Manufacturing Overhead

All the indirect costs associated with producing a product, which may include the cost of utilities, depreciation of manufacturing equipment, and salaries of managerial staff.

Conversion Cost

The combined costs of direct labor and manufacturing overheads that are incurred in the process of converting raw materials into finished goods.

Manufacturing Overhead

Indirect factory-related costs that are incurred when a product is manufactured, including costs like rent, utilities, and maintenance of equipment.

Selling and Administrative Expenses

These are indirect costs that are not directly tied to the production of goods or services, including sales personnel salaries, advertising, and office rent.