Angela Reads About a Study in Which Cell Phone Use

question 6

Multiple Choice

Angela reads about a study in which cell phone use is associated with migraine headaches. She says, "Well, that study is not valid because I use a cell phone more than anyone I know and I never get migraines." Based on her comment, Angela may be forgetting which of the following?

• A)Science is based on empiricism.
• B)The study has been replicated.
• C)The study did not properly define cell phone use.
• D)Science is probabilistic.

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Definitions:

Stomach Wall

The layers of tissue that form the structure of the stomach, including the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.

Adaptive Value

The degree to which a trait or behavior enhances an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its environment.

Evolutionary Theorists

Scholars and scientists who study and develop theories regarding the biological evolution of species, explaining traits and behaviors through natural selection.

Expectancy-Value Model

A psychological theory stating that motivation is determined by an individual's expected outcomes and the value they place on those outcomes.