In Humans,there Are a Spectrum of Syndromes,including Spondylocostal Dysostosis and Klippel-Feil

question 13

Multiple Choice

In humans,there are a spectrum of syndromes,including spondylocostal dysostosis and Klippel-Feil anomaly,that are characterized by vertebral and rib abnormalities.Genetic mapping studies have identified mutations in several genes that affect one growth factor signaling pathway.Which is the pathway affected?

• A) FGF
• B) BMP
• C) WNT
• D) Retinoic acid
• E) NOTCH

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Definitions:

Internally Oriented

A focus or emphasis on internal thoughts, feelings, and motivations rather than external circumstances or stimuli.

Self-Efficacy

Confidence in one's ability to control one's motivation, behavior, and social environment, crucial for achieving goals.

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The capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision independently, often discussed in the context of personal development and ethics.

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A state or condition where there are no limitations or boundaries on one's actions or decisions.