Walter Miller Identified the Unique Conduct Norms (Focal Concerns) That

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The Answer is Walter Miller identified six focal concerns that help define lower-class culture: trouble, toughness, smartness, excitement, fate, and autonomy. These focal concerns reflect the values and attitudes that are prevalent in lower-class communities and shape the behavior of individuals within these communities.

Cultural deviance theory combines the effects of social disorganization and strain theories by suggesting that the unique conduct norms of lower-class culture, as identified by Miller, contribute to the development of deviant behavior. Social disorganization theory emphasizes the impact of a disorganized and unstable environment on individuals, while strain theory focuses on the pressure and frustration experienced by individuals when they are unable to achieve societal goals through legitimate means.

In cultural deviance theory, the focal concerns identified by Miller play a significant role in shaping the response of individuals to social disorganization and strain. For example, the focal concern of trouble may lead individuals to engage in deviant behavior as a way to cope with the challenges and conflicts present in their environment. The focal concern of toughness may lead individuals to prioritize physical strength and aggression as a means of gaining respect and survival in their community, potentially leading to violent or criminal behavior.

Overall, cultural deviance theory suggests that the unique conduct norms of lower-class culture, as identified by Miller, interact with the effects of social disorganization and strain to influence the development of deviant behavior within these communities.

Walter Miller Identified the Unique Conduct Norms (Focal Concerns) That

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