All of the Following Are True of Observational Data EXCEPT

question 22

Multiple Choice

All of the following are true of observational data EXCEPT:

• A) Observational measures tend to have good construct validity
• B) Observational measures cannot be used in making causal claims
• C) Observational measures can be used in frequency claims
• D) Observational measures tend to provide richer information than survey data
• E) None of the above are true

---

Definitions:

Digressive

Relating to or denoting a method that reduces in pace or intensity over time or steps, often used in taxation to describe tax rates that increase less proportionally with the amount subject to tax.

Regressive

Pertaining to a tax system where the tax rate decreases as the taxable amount increases, disproportionately affecting lower-income individuals.

Federal Revenue

The income received by the federal government from various sources like taxes, fees, and investments.

Personal Income

The total amount of income received by an individual from all sources before any taxes or deductions.