RESEARCH STUDY 9.3

question 22

Essay

RESEARCH STUDY 9.3
Dr. Phillips is a cognitive-developmental psychologist who studies how children learn mathematical principles. His current interest is in studying how children learn multiplication. He recruits 54 second graders who have not yet learned how to multiply numbers to participate in his study. He is curious as to whether different teaching styles lead to better mastery of the subject. One condition (A) involves having students read a chapter on multiplication from their textbook. One condition (B) involves having students watch a video of cartoon characters explaining multiplication. One condition (C) involves having students being taught multiplication from a teacher. One condition (D) involves having students being taught multiplication by a fourth grader. In all conditions, participants spend 30 minutes learning the fundamentals of multiplication and are then given the same 15-question multiplication test. The number of questions answered correctly is recorded. The data are below.

-Refer to Research Study 9.3 above to answer the following question.
Name two ways that Dr.Phillips could avoid selection threat when he is assigning participants to conditions and explain why each of these methods avoids selection threat.

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Definitions:

Person-Centered Therapy

A form of psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes providing a supportive environment in which clients can re-discover themselves.

Actualization Tendency

The innate drive within all living organisms to develop their potentials to the fullest extent possible.

Encounter Group

A form of group therapy focusing on deep interpersonal communication and interaction, aiming to increase self-awareness and emotional understanding among participants.

Free Association

A psychoanalytic technique in which a patient says whatever comes to mind without censorship, used to uncover subconscious thoughts.