Holoprosencephaly Is a Highly Variable Condition in Mammals, Including Humans

question 27

Multiple Choice

Holoprosencephaly is a highly variable condition in mammals, including humans. Its effects range from an absence of brain areas, mid-face disorders, and cyclopia to slight dental abnormalities. One form, HPE3, is caused by Shh mutations. Familial cases are inherited as dominants. Which of the following do you expect?

• A)HPE3 is actually a multigene complex.
• B)Each type of malformation is due to a different HPE3 allele.
• C)HPE3 expression is modified by genetic background.
• D)HPE3 individuals also share a common environmental exposure.
• E)All mutations in Shh that result in HPE3 are due to frameshifts.

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Definitions:

Predict Development

The process of forecasting or estimating the progress or outcomes in a developmental context.

Research Results

The findings or outcomes derived from systematic investigations conducted to discover new information or relationships.

Psychosexual Stages

are part of Freud's theory, signifying successive phases in childhood development, each with a specific focus of libido (sexual drive).

Freud's

Refers to Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, a method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.