As Views of Substance Dependence Have Changed Based on Scientific

question 4

Multiple Choice

As views of substance dependence have changed based on scientific research,the real driving force behind repeated excessive drug use is now believed to be

• A)psychological dependence,based on reinforcement.
• B)physical dependence,caused by tolerance.
• C)an allergic reaction to the substance.
• D)unmet psychological needs in early childhood.

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Definitions:

C-H Bond

The chemical bond formed between a carbon and a hydrogen atom, fundamental in organic chemistry and the structure of hydrocarbons.

Atomic Orbitals

Mathematical functions describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom.

Hybrid Atomic Orbitals

A concept in chemistry where atomic orbitals mix to form new, hybrid orbitals that are used to describe the bonding in molecules.

C-C π Bond

A C-C π bond is a type of covalent bond formed from the sideways overlap of p-orbitals, allowing for electron sharing between carbon atoms in double or triple bonds.