Describe Two Principal Methods Used to Measure Brain Structure

question 16

Essay

Describe two principal methods used to measure brain structure.

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A process in behaviorism where the removal of an undesirable or unpleasant stimulus strengthens or increases the probability of a response.

Generalization

The process by which the brain applies past experiences to new situations, recognizing patterns.

Spontaneous Recovery

The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction, often occurring suddenly in response to the original conditioning stimulus.

Secondary Reinforcement

A process in which a stimulus reinforces behavior after it has been associated with a primary reinforcer, often through social or conditioned means.