In One of the Earliest Studies of Visual Attention, Helmholtz

question 1

Multiple Choice

In one of the earliest studies of visual attention, Helmholtz (1894) constructed a screen on which letters were painted at various distances from the center. Following a brief illumination, he found that

• A)he could perceive letters located within the focus of his attention better than letters outside, even when his eyes remained at the center of the screen.
• B)he could remember all the letters on the screen if he scanned the screen with his eyes prior to the brief illumination.
• C)he could perceive letters located within the focus of his attention better than letters outside, but only if he moved his eyes to bring the letters to the center of his visual field.
• D)he could remember all the letters on the screen, demonstrating that visual iconic memory increases in capacity with attentional focus.

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Definitions:

Pyelonephritis

Infection of the kidneys, often caused by an initial infection in one of the ureters.

Glomerular (Bowman's) Capsule

A cup-like sack at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the kidney, playing a critical role in the filtration of blood to form urine.

Filters

Devices or processes used to remove impurities or separate substances.

Urea

A waste product formed in the liver during the breakdown of proteins, excreted in urine.