Scientists Are Now Targeting Europa, One of Jupiter's Moons, as a Likely

question 6

Multiple Choice

Scientists are now targeting Europa, one of Jupiter's moons, as a likely site for searching for elementary life-forms because

• A) radio signals that follow a recognizable pattern have been detected from this moon.
• B) there appears to be large amounts of dark organic material spread on its surface.
• C) changes seen in the dark lines crossing the icy surface have a spectral signature of vegetation.
• D) there is strong evidence for liquid water beneath the thick ice layer on its surface.

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Definitions:

Behavior-Reinforcement Beliefs

The belief that positive or negative reinforcement can influence the likelihood of certain behaviors being repeated.

Learned Helplessness

The belief that events are independent of behavior and are uncontrollable, which results in behavioral deficits characteristic of depression.

External Attribution

A belief that events are beyond one’s control.

Behavior-Reinforcement Beliefs

The expectation that a certain behavior will lead to a specific reinforcement.