Since There Are No Consistent Trait Differences Between Leaders and Nonleaders

question 4

True/False

Since there are no consistent trait differences between leaders and nonleaders, or between effective and ineffective leaders, trait theory is wrong.

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Definitions:

Secondary Gain

In psychodynamic theory, the gain people achieve when their somatic symptoms elicit kindness from others or provide an excuse for avoiding unpleasant activities.

Hysterical Somatoform Disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by physical symptoms that have no identifiable physical cause, often arising from emotional or psychological stress.

Self-instruction Training

A cognitive behavioral technique where one teaches themselves to direct attention, control behavior, and improve task performance through verbal cues.

Coping Self-statement

Positive affirmations or thoughts used by individuals to cope with stress, challenges, or to soothe themselves during difficult situations.