Epidemiologists Decided to Investigate the Validity of New Diagnostic Tool

question 1

Multiple Choice

Epidemiologists decided to investigate the validity of new diagnostic tool for breast cancer.They used this new diagnostic tool for breast cancer in 150 women with biopsy-proven breast cancer in 300 age- and race-matched control women.The results of the new tool were positive in 136 cases and in 35 control women,all of whom showed no evidence of cancer at biopsy.Now,the epidemiologists want to use the new diagnostic tool for screening program in Cities A and B.Based on previous cross-sectional studies,the prevalence of breast cancer is 5% in City A and 1% in City B.What is the expected positive predictive value of new diagnosis tool for breast cancer in City A?

• A) 30%
• B) 43%
• C) 81%
• D) 89%
• E) 91%

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Definitions:

Normal Good

A good for which demand increases as the income of consumers increases.

Inferior Good

A type of good for which demand decreases as the income of the consumer increases, and vice versa.

Optimal Consumption

The combination of goods and services that provides the highest level of satisfaction to an individual, given their income and the prices of those goods and services.

Prices Constant

An assumption in economic analysis that prices remain unchanged over a specific period, allowing for the examination of other variables' effects without price fluctuations.