The Relationship That Exists Between 'Top Managers' and 'Middle Managers

question 131

True/False

The relationship that exists between 'top managers' and 'middle managers' of an organisation may be described as a 'horizontal relationship'.

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Definitions:

Conditioned Reinforcer

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer.

Primary Reinforcer

An innately reinforcing stimulus like food or drink, which does not require learning to become pleasurable or satisfying.

Negative Reinforcer

An aversive stimulus whose removal following a behavior increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the future.

Positive Reinforcer

A prompt that, once introduced post-behavior, amplifies the chances of the behavior recurring.