Nalbuphine Is an Effective Pain Reliever Because of Its Activity

question 1

Multiple Choice

Nalbuphine is an effective pain reliever because of its activity at mu-opioid receptors. However, if given to a patient who has recently received morphine (which also affects mu-opioid receptors) for postoperative pain, nalbuphine can worsen his or her pain. Thus nalbuphine is said to have what kind of activity at mu-opioid receptors?

• A) Full agonist
• B) Partial agonist
• C) Competitive antagonist
• D) Non-competitive antagonist
• E) Allosteric modifier

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Definitions:

Heavy Drinking

Consuming alcohol in excess of moderate drinking guidelines, often leading to health risks and alcohol dependency.

Drinking

The act of consuming liquids, often referring specifically to the ingestion of alcoholic beverages.

Ethanol

The variety of alcohol used in beverages.

Vinegar

A liquid produced from the fermentation of ethanol, characterized by its acidic taste and used for culinary and cleaning purposes.