Exhibit 7-7: a Group of Curriculum Designers Has Developed a New

question 23

Multiple Choice

Exhibit 7-7: A group of curriculum designers has developed a new system for teaching phonics to young children.They randomly selected 24 kindergarten students to receive either the old phonics method or the new phonics method.The designers realized that kindergartens have morning and afternoon classes, so they wanted to build this factor into the research design.The following is the mean, standard deviation, and number for each group.
$\begin{array}{lll}\text { Morning } & {\text { Old }}{} & {\text { New }}{} \\ & 16.33 & 13.50 \\ &1.03 & 2.74 \\& 6 & 6 \\ \text { Afternoon } & 13.17 & 16.83 \\ & 3.55 & 2.14 \\ & 6 & 6\end{array}$
The following is an incomplete summary table of the analysis of variance:
$\begin{array}{ll}\underline { \text { Source }} & \underline { \text { SS }} & \underline { \text { df }} & \underline { \text { MS}} & \underline { \text { F}}\\\text { Time of Day } & 0.042 \\\text { Lesson Design } & 1.042 \\\text { Interaction }\\\text { Error } & 128.500 \\\text { Total } & 102950\end{array}$
-Refer to Exhibit 7-7.What is the mean square for Lesson Design?

• A) .042
• B) 1.042
• C) 63.375
• D) None of these are true.

---

Definitions:

Tax Increase

A tax increase refers to a governmental decision to raise the amount of tax imposed on goods, services, or income.

Consumers Pay

Consumers pay represents the purchasing activities conducted by individuals or households for goods and services for personal use.

Tax Imposed

Levies set by government authorities on various forms of income, consumption, or transactions, used to fund public services and infrastructure.

Deadweight Loss

An economic inefficiency that occurs when the total welfare in a market is not maximized, resulting from distortions such as taxes, subsidies, or monopolies.