What Once Was an Open Pasture on a Long Abandoned

question 4

Multiple Choice

What once was an open pasture on a long abandoned farm has changed over time,without the direct influence of humans.After the cattle had been removed,shrubs and bushes could be seen dotting the grass-covered hillsides.A few years later,small pine trees and then larger deciduous trees appeared.Now,there are so many trees and shaded regions it is difficult to tell that this was once a field.
-In this wooded region that was once pasture,a mature forest of towering oaks and hickory trees has taken over.However,change is still apparent,as a large patch of young shrubs and small trees are growing where several large trees were toppled by a storm several years ago.Collectively,this wooded region represents

• A)a climax ecosystem.
• B)primary succession.
• C)a sustained biome.
• D)intermediate succession.

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Definitions:

Two-way ANOVA

This test analyzes how two categorical variables affect a continuous target variable.

Interaction

In statistics, it refers to a situation where the effect of one variable on an outcome is changed by the level of another variable.

Null Hypotheses

The hypothesis that there is no effect or no difference, and any observed difference is due to sampling or experimental error.

Two-way ANOVA

An approach in statistical analysis used to determine the impact of two nominal variables on a continuous variable they predict.