_______________ Can Be Either General or Specific

question 1

Multiple Choice

_______________ can be either general or specific. It is general when it is intended to cause vicarious learning whereby observers see that offenders are punished for a given crime and therefore themselves are discouraged from committing a like mannered crime due to fear of similar punishment.It is specific when the punishment is inflicted upon a specific offender in the hope that the particular offender will be discouraged from committing future crimes.

• A) Deterrence
• B) Retribution
• C) Rehabilitation
• D) Incapacitation

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Definitions:

Uncertainty Avoidance

The degree to which people are able to deal with the unexpected and how they cope with uncertainty in unstructured environments.

Power Distance

The extent to which people in different societies accept the way power is distributed.

Hofstede's Dimensions

A framework for understanding and comparing national cultures across six dimensions: power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and indulgence vs. restraint.

Fragmented Culture

A situation in which a workplace or community is divided into separate and often conflicting groups with differing values or beliefs.