Sophia Is in the Fifth Grade and Lives in One

question 152

Multiple Choice

Sophia is in the fifth grade and lives in one of the most impoverished areas in the state.She has a history of academic failure although she is very sensitive to her teacher's expectations.Her teachers have noticed that she responds best when candy is offered as an incentive.Sophia's IQ is 65.She is most likely a victim of

• A)organic intellectual disability.
• B)cultural-familial intellectual disability.
• C)vitamin deficiency intellectual disability.
• D)lead poisoning.

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Definitions:

Early Contingency Theories

Theories suggesting that the effectiveness of a leader or management approach is contingent upon factors such as the organizational environment and task characteristics.

Path-goal Theory

A leadership theory that suggests leaders should adjust their leadership styles based on the context and the needs of subordinates to navigate them towards achieving a goal.

Situation Variables

Factors that can change the context or circumstances of an event or decision-making process, affecting outcomes in potentially unpredictable ways.

Leader Substitutes Theory

A concept in organizational studies that suggests certain characteristics of the task, subordinates, and organization can substitute for leadership, making the leader's role less critical.