What Is the Direction of the Proton Current in the Chloroplast

question 9

Multiple Choice

What is the direction of the proton current in the chloroplast F₁F_o ATP synthase during ATP synthesis?

• A) from stroma to cytoplasm
• B) from cytoplasm to stroma
• C) from lumen to stroma
• D) from stroma to lumen
• E) none of the above

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Definitions:

Optic Nerve

A paired nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

A part of the thalamus in the brain responsible for processing and relaying visual information from the retina to the visual cortex.

Corpus Callosum

A large band of neural fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, facilitating inter-hemispheric communication.

Hypercomplex Cell

A type of neuron in the visual cortex that responds to complex patterns, such as movements or specific orientations, beyond simple light or dark stimuli.