In One Well-Known Study on Empathy, Participants Had to Watch

question 41

Multiple Choice

In one well-known study on empathy, participants had to watch a confederate ("Elaine") receive electric shocks. They were told either that they had to watch 10 full trials of shocks, or that they could leave after watching the first two trials only. They were also told that their values and interests were similar to those of the confederate (similar group) , or that their values and interests were different from those of the confederate (dissimilar group) . After the first two trials had been completed, participants were asked whether they would switch places with the confederate-she was apparently very upset by the shocks due to a negative childhood experience with electricity. Which group almost never agreed to switch places?

• A) The 10-trial high-similarity group
• B) The 10-trial low-similarity group
• C) The two-trial high-similarity group
• D) The two-trial low-similarity group

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Definitions:

Net Operating Income

Income derived from normal business operations after subtracting all operating expenses but before interest and taxes.

Absorption Costing

An accounting procedure that integrates all production-related costs, capturing direct material expenses, direct labor costs, and all overheads, variable and fixed, within the cost framework of a product.

Net Operating Income

The amount left from a company's sales revenue after subtracting the costs of running the business, excluding tax and interest expenses.

Variable Costing

A managerial accounting method that only considers variable costs as product costs, with fixed overhead costs treated as period expenses.