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In One Well-Known Study on Empathy, Participants Were Required to Watch

question 6

Multiple Choice

In one well-known study on empathy, participants were required to watch a confederate ("Elaine") receive electric shocks. They were told either that they had to watch her receive 10 full trials of shocks, or that they could leave after watching the first two trials only. They were also told that their values and interests were similar to Elaine's (similarity group) , or that their values and interests were different from Elaine's (non-similarity group) . After the first two trials were completed, participants were told that Elaine was unusually upset by the shocks due to a negative childhood experience related to electricity. Participants were asked whether they would be willing to switch places with Elaine. In this study, the 10-trial versus two-trial instruction was designed as a manipulation of ____, and the similar versus dissimilar information was designed to be a manipulation of ____.

Definitions:

Just Books

a term potentially referring to a concept of fairness in accounting practices, ensuring that records are accurate and truthful.

Incidental Beneficiary

A party who indirectly benefits from a contract but has no legal right to enforce the agreement made between other parties.

Donee Beneficiary

A third party that benefits from a contract between two other parties, to whom the promisor's performance is a gift.

Promisee

The individual or entity to whom a promise is made and who stands to benefit from the fulfillment of that promise.