Researchers Darley and Gross (1983) Showed Different Groups of People

question 127

Multiple Choice

Researchers Darley and Gross (1983) showed different groups of people identical videotape footage of "Hannah," a girl who was said to come either from an impoverished background or from a wealthy background. They found that people stereotyped the girl as intellectually inferior when they were led to believe that she came from an impoverished background. However, this stereotype emerged only when participants saw footage of Hannah performing ambiguously on an oral exam. This finding is best explained by the concept of ____.

• A) stigma by association
• B) the confirmation bias
• C) the fundamental attribution error
• D) scapegoat theory

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Definitions:

Psychoanalytic Theory

A framework for understanding human psychology that focuses on unconscious motives and conflicts, originated by Sigmund Freud.

Scientific Testing

The process of conducting experiments and observations under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test a hypothesis, theory, or principle.

Psychosexual Stages

A theory by Freud describing how personality develops through five stages centered around erogenous zones from childhood to adulthood.

Genital Stage

In Freudian psychoanalysis, the final stage of psychosexual development, beginning in puberty, where sexual interests mature.