In One Well-Known Study on Empathy, Participants Had to Watch

question 41

Multiple Choice

In one well-known study on empathy, participants had to watch a confederate ("Elaine") receive electric shocks. They were told either that they had to watch 10 full trials of shocks, or that they could leave after watching the first two trials only. They were also told that their values and interests were similar to those of the confederate (similar group) , or that their values and interests were different from those of the confederate (dissimilar group) . After the first two trials had been completed, participants were asked whether they would switch places with the confederate-she was apparently very upset by the shocks due to a negative childhood experience with electricity. Which group almost never agreed to switch places?

• A) The 10-trial high-similarity group
• B) The 10-trial low-similarity group
• C) The two-trial high-similarity group
• D) The two-trial low-similarity group

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Definitions:

Turnover

The rate at which employees leave a business and are replaced by new employees, which can affect organizational performance and continuity.

Unionized Settings

Work environments where a labor union represents the interests of the employees in negotiations with the employer regarding wages, benefits, and working conditions.

Nonunionized Settings

Work environments where a labor union does not represent the employees, often leading to different management and negotiation processes.

Due Process

A legal principle that ensures fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.